'\" t
.TH GROFF_CHAR 7 "7 March 2023" "groff 1.22.4"
.SH NAME
groff_char \- groff glyph names
.
.\" For best results, format this document with 'groff' (GNU roff).
.
.\" groff_char(7):
.\" Source file position: <groff_source>/man/groff_char.man
.\" Installed position: <prefix>/share/man/man7/groff_char.7
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.\" Legal Terms
.\" ====================================================================
.\"
.\" Copyright (C) 1989-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.\"
.\" This file is part of groff (GNU roff), which is a free software
.\" project.
.\"
.\" You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
.\" General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
.\" either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
.\" version.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
.\" along with this program.
.\"
.\" If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html>.
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.\" Setup
.\" ====================================================================
.
.
.\" Save and disable compatibility mode (for, e.g., Solaris 10/11).
.do nr groff_char_C \n[.C]
.cp 0
.
.
.\" groff only
.\".if \n(.g .ne 2v
.\".if \n(.g .sv 2v
.
.ds aq \(aq
.
.\" non-groff
.if !\n(.g .if '\(aq'' .ds aq \'
.
.nr Sp 2n
.
.do if !r ECFONTS .do fspecial CR R
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.SH DESCRIPTION
.\" ====================================================================
.
This manual page lists the standard
.B groff
glyph names and the default input mapping, \%latin1.
.
The glyphs in this document look different depending on which output
device was chosen (with option
.B \-T
for the
.BR man (1)
program or the roff formatter).
.
Glyphs not available for the device that is being used to print or
view this manual page are marked with
.ie \n(.g \[oq](N/A)\[cq]; the device currently used is \[oq]\*(.T\[cq].
.el \[oq](N/A)\[cq].
.
.
.P
In the actual version,
.B groff
provides only \%8-bit characters for direct input and named entities
for further glyphs.
.
On ASCII platforms, input character codes in the range 0 to 127
(decimal) represent the usual \%7-bit ASCII characters, while codes
between 127 and 255 are interpreted as the corresponding characters in
the
.I \%latin1
.RI ( \%ISO-8859-1 )
code set by default.
.
This mapping is contained in the file \f(CWlatin1.tmac\fP
and can be changed by loading a different input encoding.
.
Note that some of the input characters are reserved by
.BR groff ,
either for internal use or for special input purposes.
.
On EBCDIC platforms, only code page
.I cp1047
is supported (which contains the same characters as \%latin1; the
input encoding file is called \f(CWcp1047.tmac\fP).
.
Again, some input characters are reserved for internal and special
purposes.
.
.
.P
All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs.
.
In traditional roff systems, only names of length\ 2 were used, while
groff also provides support for longer names.
.
It is strongly suggested that only named glyphs are used for all
character representations outside of the printable \%7-bit ASCII range.
.
.
.P
Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length\ 1)
also produce single glyphs; these exist for historical reasons or
are printable versions of syntactical characters.
.
They include
\[oq]\f(CW\e\e\fP\[cq],
\[oq]\f(CW\e\[aq]\fP\[cq],
\[oq]\f(CW\e\[ga]\fP\[cq],
\[oq]\f(CW\e\-\fP\[cq],
\[oq]\f(CW\e.\fP\[cq],
and
\[oq]\f(CW\ee\fP\[cq];
see
.BR groff (7).
.
.
.P
In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be
tested positively with the \[oq]\f(CW.if\ c\fP\[cq] conditional.
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.SH REFERENCE
.\" ====================================================================
.
In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular
form.
.
The meaning of the columns is as follows.
.
.
.TP
.I "Output"
shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although
this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it always
represents the same glyph.
.
.
.TP
.I "Input"
specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the
keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.
.
.
.TP
.I "Code"
applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character, and
gives the ISO \%latin1 decimal code of that input character.
.
Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode characters,
including \%7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to\ 127.
.
.
.TP
.I "PostScript"
gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.
.
.
.TP
.I "Unicode"
is the glyph name used in composite glyph names.
.
The names in the Unicode column look like
.B u0021
or
.BR u0041_0300 .
.
In groff, the corresponding Unicode characters can be constructed
by adding a backslash and a pair of square brackets, for example
.B \e[u0021]
or
.BR \e[u0041_0300] .
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.SS "7-bit Character Codes 32\(en126"
.\" ====================================================================
.
These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned.
.
They are identical to the printable characters of the
character standards \%ISO-8859-1 (\%latin1) and Unicode (range
.IR "Basic Latin" ).
.
The glyph names used in composite glyph names are \[oq]u0020\[cq] up
to \[oq]u007E\[cq].
.
.
.P
Note that input characters in the range \%0\-31 and character 127 are
.I not
printable characters.
.
Most of them are invalid input characters for
.B groff
anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning.
.
For EBCDIC, the printable characters are in the range \%66\-255.
.
.
.TP
48\-57
Decimal digits 0 to\ 9 (print as themselves).
.
.
.TP
65\-90
Upper case letters A\-Z (print as themselves).
.
.
.TP
97\-122
Lower case letters a\(enz (print as themselves).
.
.
.P
Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print
as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:
.
.
.TP
.B \`
the ISO \%latin1 \[oq]Grave Accent\[cq] (code\ 96) prints as \[oq], a
left single quotation mark (Unicode u2018).
The same output glyph can be requested explicitly
with \[oq]\f(CW\e(oq\fP\[cq].
The original character can be obtained
with \[oq]\f(CW\e`\fP\[cq] (Unicode u0060).
.
.
.TP
.B \*(aq
the ISO \%latin1 \[oq]Apostrophe\[cq] (code\ 39) prints as \[cq],
a right single quotation mark (Unicode u2019).
The same output glyph is commonly used in typography to represent
a punctation apostrophe, for example in contractions.
It can be requested explicitly with \[oq]\f(CW\e(cq\fP\[cq].
The original character can be obtained with
\[oq]\f(CW\e(aq\fP\[cq] (Unicode u0027).
.
.
.TP
.B -
the ISO \%latin1 \[oq]Hyphen, Minus Sign\[cq] (code\ 45) prints as a
hyphen (Unicode u2010).
The same output glyph can be requested explicitly
with \[oq]\f(CW\e(hy\fP\[cq].
A minus sign can be obtained with \[oq]\f(CW\e-\fP\[cq] (Unicode u2212).
.
.
.TP
.B ~
the ISO \%latin1 \[oq]Tilde\[cq] (code\ 126) is reduced in size to be
usable as a diacritic (Unicode u02DC).
A larger glyph can be obtained with
\[oq]\f(CW\e(ti\fP\[cq] (Unicode u007E).
.
.
.TP
.B ^
the ISO \%latin1 \[oq]Circumflex Accent\[cq] (code\ 94) is reduced in
size to be usable as a diacritic (Unicode u02C6); a larger glyph
can be obtained with \[oq]\f(CW\e(ha\fP\[cq] (Unicode u005E).
.
.
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l l lx.
Output	Input	Code	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[char33]	\[char33]	33	exclam	u0021	exclamation mark (bang)
\[char34]	\[char34]	34	quotedbl	u0022	double quote
\[char35]	\[char35]	35	numbersign	u0023	number sign
\[char36]	\[char36]	36	dollar	u0024	currency dollar sign
\[char37]	\[char37]	37	percent	u0025	percent
\[char38]	\[char38]	38	ampersand	u0026	ampersand
\[cq]	\[aq]	39	quoteright	u2019	right quote
\[aq]	\e(aq		quotesingle	u0027	apostrophe quote
\[char40]	\[char40]	40	parenleft	u0028	parentheses left
\[char41]	\[char41]	41	parenright	u0029	parentheses right
\[char42]	\[char42]	42	asterisk	u002A	asterisk
\[char43]	\[char43]	43	plus	u002B	plus
\[char44]	\[char44]	44	comma	u002C	comma
\[hy]	\[char45]	45	hyphen	u2010	hyphen
\-	\e-		minus	u2212	minus sign
\[char46]	\[char46]	46	period	u002E	period, dot
\[char47]	\[char47]	47	slash	u002F	slash
\[char58]	\[char58]	58	colon	u003A	colon
\[char59]	\[char59]	59	semicolon	u003B	semicolon
\[char60]	\[char60]	60	less	u003C	less than
\[char61]	\[char61]	61	equal	u003D	equal
\[char62]	\[char62]	62	greater	u003E	greater than
\[char63]	\[char63]	63	question	u003F	question mark
\[char64]	\[char64]	64	at	u0040	at
\[char91]	\[char91]	91	bracketleft	u005B	square bracket left
\[char92]	\[char92]	92	backslash	u005C	backslash
\[char93]	\[char93]	93	bracketright	u005D	square bracket right
\[a^]	\[ha]	94	circumflex	u02C6	modifier circumflex
\[ha]	\e(ha		asciicircum	u005E	circumflex accent
\[char95]	\[char95]	95	underscore	u005F	underscore
\[oq]	\[ga]	96	quoteleft	u2018	left quote
\[ga]	\e(ga		grave	u0060	grave accent
\[char123]	\[char123]	123	braceleft	u007B	curly brace left
\[char124]	\[char124]	124	bar	u007C	bar
\[char125]	\[char125]	125	braceright	u007D	curly brace right
\[u02DC]	\[ti]	126	tilde	u02DC	small tilde
\[ti]	\e(ti		asciitilde	u007E	tilde
.TE
.ad
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.SS "8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255"
.\" ====================================================================
.
They are interpreted as printable characters according to the
.I latin1
.RI ( ISO-8859-1 )
code set, being identical to the Unicode range
.IR "Latin-1 Supplement" .
.
.
.P
Input characters in range 128\-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not
printable characters.
.
.
.TP
160
.
the ISO \%latin1
.I no-break space
is mapped to \[oq]\f(CW\e\(ti\fP\[cq], the stretchable space
character.
.
.
.TP
173
.
the soft hyphen control character.
.
.B groff
never uses this character for output (thus it is omitted in the table
below); the input character\ 173 is mapped onto \[oq]\f(CW\e%\fP\[cq].
.
.
.P
The remaining ranges (\%161\-172, \%174\-255)
are printable characters that print as themselves.
.
Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems
with a \%latin1 code page, it is better to use their glyph names;
see the next section.
.
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l l lx.
Output	Input	Code	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[char161]	\[char161]	161	exclamdown	u00A1	inverted exclamation mark
\[char162]	\[char162]	162	cent	u00A2	currency unit
\[char163]	\[char163]	163	sterling	u00A3	pound sterling
\[char164]	\[char164]	164	currency	u00A4	generic currency symbol
\[char165]	\[char165]	165	yen	u00A5	Japanese currency symbol
\[char166]	\[char166]	166	brokenbar	u00A6	broken bar
\[char167]	\[char167]	167	section	u00A7	section sign
\[char168]	\[char168]	168	dieresis	u00A8	dieresis (umlaut)
\[char169]	\[char169]	169	copyright	u00A9	copyright symbol
\[char170]	\[char170]	170	ordfeminine	u00AA	feminine ordinal (Spanish)
\[char171]	\[char171]	171	guillemotleft	u00AB	left guillemet [sic]
\[char172]	\[char172]	172	logicalnot	u00AC	logical not
\[char174]	\[char174]	174	registered	u00AE	registered mark symbol
\[char175]	\[char175]	175	macron	u00AF	overbar accent
\[char176]	\[char176]	176	degree	u00B0	degree sign
\[char177]	\[char177]	177	plusminus	u00B1	plus-minus sign
\[char178]	\[char178]	178	twosuperior	u00B2	superscript 2
\[char179]	\[char179]	179	threesuperior	u00B3	superscript 3
\[char180]	\[char180]	180	acute	u00B4	acute accent
\[char181]	\[char181]	181	mu	u00B5	micro sign
\[char182]	\[char182]	182	paragraph	u00B6	end of paragraphs marker
\[char183]	\[char183]	183	periodcentered	u00B7	centered period
\[char184]	\[char184]	184	cedilla	u00B8	cedilla accent
\[char185]	\[char185]	185	onesuperior	u00B9	superscript 1
\[char186]	\[char186]	186	ordmasculine	u00BA	masculine ordinal (Spanish)
\[char187]	\[char187]	187	guillemotright	u00BB	right guillemet [sic]
\[char188]	\[char188]	188	onequarter	u00BC	1/4 symbol
\[char189]	\[char189]	189	onehalf	u00BD	1/2 symbol
\[char190]	\[char190]	190	threequarters	u00BE	3/4 symbol
\[char191]	\[char191]	191	questiondown	u00BF	inverted question mark
\[char192]	\[char192]	192	Agrave	u0041_0300	A grave
\[char193]	\[char193]	193	Aacute	u0041_0301	A acute
\[char194]	\[char194]	194	Acircumflex	u0041_0302	A circumflex
\[char195]	\[char195]	195	Atilde	u0041_0303	A tilde
\[char196]	\[char196]	196	Adieresis	u0041_0308	A dieresis (umlaut)
\[char197]	\[char197]	197	Aring	u0041_030A	A ring
\[char198]	\[char198]	198	AE	u00C6	A+E combined
\[char199]	\[char199]	199	Ccedilla	u0043_0327	C cedilla
\[char200]	\[char200]	200	Egrave	u0045_0300	E grave
\[char201]	\[char201]	201	Eacute	u0045_0301	E acute
\[char202]	\[char202]	202	Ecircumflex	u0045_0302	E circumflex
\[char203]	\[char203]	203	Edieresis	u0045_0308	E dieresis (umlaut)
\[char204]	\[char204]	204	Igrave	u0049_0300	I grave
\[char205]	\[char205]	205	Iacute	u0049_0301	I acute
\[char206]	\[char206]	206	Icircumflex	u0049_0302	I circumflex
\[char207]	\[char207]	207	Idieresis	u0049_0308	I dieresis
\[char208]	\[char208]	208	Eth	u00D0	E th
\[char209]	\[char209]	209	Ntilde	u004E_0303	N tilde
\[char210]	\[char210]	210	Ograve	u004F_0300	O grave
\[char211]	\[char211]	211	Oacute	u004F_0301	O acute
\[char212]	\[char212]	212	Ocircumflex	u004F_0302	O circumflex
\[char213]	\[char213]	213	Otilde	u004F_0303	O tilde
\[char214]	\[char214]	214	Odieresis	u004F_0308	O dieresis (umlaut)
\[char215]	\[char215]	215	multiply	u00D7	multiply
\[char216]	\[char216]	216	Oslash	u00D8	O slash
\[char217]	\[char217]	217	Ugrave	u0055_0300	U grave
\[char218]	\[char218]	218	Uacute	u0055_0301	U acute
\[char219]	\[char219]	219	Ucircumflex	u0055_0302	U circumflex
\[char220]	\[char220]	220	Udieresis	u0055_0308	U dieresis (umlaut)
\[char221]	\[char221]	221	Yacute	u0059_0301	Y acute
\[char222]	\[char222]	222	Thorn	u00DE	Thorn
\[char223]	\[char223]	223	germandbls	u00DF	German double s (sharp s)
\[char224]	\[char224]	224	agrave	u0061_0300	a grave
\[char225]	\[char225]	225	aacute	u0061_0301	a acute
\[char226]	\[char226]	226	acircumflex	u0061_0302	a circumflex
\[char227]	\[char227]	227	atilde	u0061_0303	a tilde
\[char228]	\[char228]	228	adieresis	u0061_0308	a dieresis (umlaut)
\[char229]	\[char229]	229	aring	u0061_030A	a ring
\[char230]	\[char230]	230	ae	u00E6	a+e combined
\[char231]	\[char231]	231	ccedilla	u0063_0327	c cedilla
\[char232]	\[char232]	232	egrave	u0065_0300	e grave
\[char233]	\[char233]	233	eacute	u0065_0301	e acute
\[char234]	\[char234]	234	ecircumflex	u0065_0302	e circumflex
\[char235]	\[char235]	235	edieresis	u0065_0308	e dieresis (umlaut)
\[char236]	\[char236]	236	igrave	u0069_0300	i grave
\[char237]	\[char237]	237	iacute	u0069_0301	i acute
\[char238]	\[char238]	238	icircumflex	u0069_0302	i circumflex
\[char239]	\[char239]	239	idieresis	u0069_0308	i dieresis (umlaut)
\[char240]	\[char240]	240	eth	u00F0	e th
\[char241]	\[char241]	241	ntilde	u006E_0303	n tilde
\[char242]	\[char242]	242	ograve	u006F_0300	o grave
\[char243]	\[char243]	243	oacute	u006F_0301	o acute
\[char244]	\[char244]	244	ocircumflex	u006F_0302	o circumflex
\[char245]	\[char245]	245	otilde	u006F_0303	o tilde
\[char246]	\[char246]	246	odieresis	u006F_0308	o dieresis (umlaut)
\[char247]	\[char247]	247	divide	u00F7	divide
\[char248]	\[char248]	248	oslash	u00F8	o slash
\[char249]	\[char249]	249	ugrave	u0075_0300	u grave
\[char250]	\[char250]	250	uacute	u0075_0301	u acute
\[char251]	\[char251]	251	ucircumflex	u0075_0302	u circumflex
\[char252]	\[char252]	252	udieresis	u0075_0308	u dieresis (umlaut)
\[char253]	\[char253]	253	yacute	u0079_0301	y acute
\[char254]	\[char254]	254	thorn	u00FE	thorn
\[char255]	\[char255]	255	ydieresis	u0079_0308	y dieresis (umlaut)
.TE
.ad
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.SS "Named Glyphs"
.\" ====================================================================
.
Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape
sequences.
.
.BR groff (7)
describes how these escape sequences look.
.
Glyph names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the
ASCII or \%latin1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters.
.
Here some examples:
.
.TP
\f(CW\e(\fP\fIch\fP
A glyph having the 2-character name
.IR ch .
.
.TP
\f(CW\e[\fP\,\fIchar_name\/\fP\f(CW]\fP
A glyph having the name
.I char_name
(having length 1, 2, 3, \&.\|.\|.).
.
Note that \[oq]\fIc\fP\[cq] is not the same as
\[oq]\f(CW\e[\fP\,\fIc\/\fP\f(CW]\fP\[cq] (\,\fIc\fP\ a single
character): The latter is internally mapped to glyph name
\[oq]\e\fIc\fP\[cq].
.
By default, groff defines a single glyph name starting with a
backslash, namely \%\[oq]\e-\[cq], which can be either accessed as
\[oq]\f(CW\e\-\fP\[cq] or \[oq]\f(CW\e[-]\fP\[cq].
.
.TP
\f(CW\e[\fP\,\fIbase_glyph composite_1 composite_2 \&.\|.\|.\/\fP\
\f(CW]\fP
A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.
.
.
.P
In groff, each \%8-bit input character can also referred to by the
construct
\[oq]\f(CW\e[char\fP\,\fIn\/\fP\f(CW]\fP\[cq] where
.I n
is the decimal code of the character, a number between 0 and\ 255
without leading zeros (those entities are
.I not
glyph names).
.
They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the \f(CW.trin\fP request.
.
.
.P
Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with names directly
derived from a Unicode code point; this is shown in the
\[oq]Unicode\[cq] column of the table below.
.
In general, all glyphs not having a name as listed in this manual page
can be accessed with the
\[oq]\f(CW\e[u\fP\,\fIXXXX\/\fP\f(CW]\fP\[cq]
construct.
.
Refer to section \[lq]Using Symbols\[rq] in
.IR "Groff: The GNU Implementation of troff" ,
the
.I groff
Texinfo manual,
which describes how
.I groff
glyph names are constructed.
.
.
.P
Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the \f(CW.char\fP request;
see
.BR groff (7).
.
.P
In the following, a plus sign \[oq]+\[cq] in the \[oq]Notes\[cq] column
indicates that this particular glyph name appears in the PS version of
the original troff documentation, CSTR\ 54.
.
.P
Entries marked with \[oq]***\[cq] denote glyphs for mathematical
purposes (mainly used for DVI output).
.
Normally, such glyphs have metrics which make them unusable in normal
text.
.
.
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[-D]	\e[-D]	Eth	u00D0	uppercase eth
\[Sd]	\e[Sd]	eth	u00F0	lowercase eth
\[TP]	\e[TP]	Thorn	u00DE	uppercase thorn
\[Tp]	\e[Tp]	thorn	u00FE	lowercase thorn
\[ss]	\e[ss]	germandbls	u00DF	German double s (sharp s)
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[ff]	\e[ff]	ff	u0066_0066	ff ligature +
\[fi]	\e[fi]	fi	u0066_0069	fi ligature +
\[fl]	\e[fl]	fl	u0066_006C	fl ligature +
\[Fi]	\e[Fi]	ffi	u0066_0066_0069	ffi ligature +
\[Fl]	\e[Fl]	ffl	u0066_0066_006C	ffl ligature +
\[/L]	\e[/L]	Lslash	u0141	L slash (Polish)
\[/l]	\e[/l]	lslash	u0142	l slash (Polish)
\[/O]	\e[/O]	Oslash	u00D8	O slash (Scandinavian)
\[/o]	\e[/o]	oslash	u00F8	o slash (Scandinavian)
\[AE]	\e[AE]	AE	u00C6	A+E combined
\[ae]	\e[ae]	ae	u00E6	a+e combined
\[OE]	\e[OE]	OE	u0152	O+E combined
\[oe]	\e[oe]	oe	u0153	o+e combined
\[IJ]	\e[IJ]	IJ	u0132	I+J combined (Dutch)
\[ij]	\e[ij]	ij	u0133	i+j combined(Dutch)
\[.i]	\e[.i]	dotlessi	u0131	i without a dot (Turkish)
\[.j]	\e[.j]	dotlessj	u0237	j without a dot
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Accented Characters
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\['A]	\e['A]	Aacute	u0041_0301	A acute
\['C]	\e['C]	Cacute	u0043_0301	C acute
\['E]	\e['E]	Eacute	u0045_0301	E acute
\['I]	\e['I]	Iacute	u0049_0301	I acute
\['O]	\e['O]	Oacute	u004F_0301	O acute
\['U]	\e['U]	Uacute	u0055_0301	U acute
\['Y]	\e['Y]	Yacute	u0059_0301	Y acute
\['a]	\e['a]	aacute	u0061_0301	a acute
\['c]	\e['c]	cacute	u0063_0301	c acute
\['e]	\e['e]	eacute	u0065_0301	e acute
\['i]	\e['i]	iacute	u0069_0301	i acute
\['o]	\e['o]	oacute	u006F_0301	o acute
\['u]	\e['u]	uacute	u0075_0301	u acute
\['y]	\e['y]	yacute	u0079_0301	y acute
\[:A]	\e[:A]	Adieresis	u0041_0308	A dieresis (umlaut)
\[:E]	\e[:E]	Edieresis	u0045_0308	E dieresis (umlaut)
\[:I]	\e[:I]	Idieresis	u0049_0308	I dieresis (umlaut)
\[:O]	\e[:O]	Odieresis	u004F_0308	O dieresis (umlaut)
\[:U]	\e[:U]	Udieresis	u0055_0308	U dieresis (umlaut)
\[:Y]	\e[:Y]	Ydieresis	u0059_0308	Y dieresis (umlaut)
\[:a]	\e[:a]	adieresis	u0061_0308	a dieresis (umlaut)
\[:e]	\e[:e]	edieresis	u0065_0308	e dieresis (umlaut)
\[:i]	\e[:i]	idieresis	u0069_0308	i dieresis (umlaut)
\[:o]	\e[:o]	odieresis	u006F_0308	o dieresis (umlaut)
\[:u]	\e[:u]	udieresis	u0075_0308	u dieresis (umlaut)
\[:y]	\e[:y]	ydieresis	u0079_0308	y dieresis (umlaut)
\[^A]	\e[^A]	Acircumflex	u0041_0302	A circumflex
\[^E]	\e[^E]	Ecircumflex	u0045_0302	E circumflex
\[^I]	\e[^I]	Icircumflex	u0049_0302	I circumflex
\[^O]	\e[^O]	Ocircumflex	u004F_0302	O circumflex
\[^U]	\e[^U]	Ucircumflex	u0055_0302	U circumflex
\[^a]	\e[^a]	acircumflex	u0061_0302	a circumflex
\[^e]	\e[^e]	ecircumflex	u0065_0302	e circumflex
\[^i]	\e[^i]	icircumflex	u0069_0302	i circumflex
\[^o]	\e[^o]	ocircumflex	u006F_0302	o circumflex
\[^u]	\e[^u]	ucircumflex	u0075_0302	u circumflex
\[`A]	\e[`A]	Agrave	u0041_0300	A grave
\[`E]	\e[`E]	Egrave	u0045_0300	E grave
\[`I]	\e[`I]	Igrave	u0049_0300	I grave
\[`O]	\e[`O]	Ograve	u004F_0300	O grave
\[`U]	\e[`U]	Ugrave	u0055_0300	U grave
\[`a]	\e[`a]	agrave	u0061_0300	a grave
\[`e]	\e[`e]	egrave	u0065_0300	e grave
\[`i]	\e[`i]	igrave	u0069_0300	i grave
\[`o]	\e[`o]	ograve	u006F_0300	o grave
\[`u]	\e[`u]	ugrave	u0075_0300	u grave
\[~A]	\e[~A]	Atilde	u0041_0303	A tilde
\[~N]	\e[~N]	Ntilde	u004E_0303	N tilde
\[~O]	\e[~O]	Otilde	u004F_0303	O tilde
\[~a]	\e[~a]	atilde	u0061_0303	a tilde
\[~n]	\e[~n]	ntilde	u006E_0303	n tilde
\[~o]	\e[~o]	otilde	u006F_0303	o tilde
\[vS]	\e[vS]	Scaron	u0053_030C	S caron
\[vs]	\e[vs]	scaron	u0073_030C	s caron
\[vZ]	\e[vZ]	Zcaron	u005A_030C	Z caron
\[vz]	\e[vz]	zcaron	u007A_030C	z caron
\[,C]	\e[,C]	Ccedilla	u0043_0327	C cedilla
\[,c]	\e[,c]	ccedilla	u0063_0327	c cedilla
\[oA]	\e[oA]	Aring	u0041_030A	A ring
\[oa]	\e[oa]	aring	u0061_030A	a ring
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Accents
.P
The
.B composite
request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing glyph names;
the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing) ones.
.
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[a"]	\e[a"]	hungarumlaut	u030B (u02DD)	Hungarian umlaut
\[a-]	\e[a-]	macron	u0304 (u00AF)	overbar accent
\[a.]	\e[a.]	dotaccent	u0307 (u02D9)	dot accent
\[a^]	\e[a^]	circumflex	u0302 (u005E)	circumflex accent
\[aa]	\e[aa]	acute	u0301 (u00B4)	acute accent +
\[ga]	\e[ga]	grave	u0300 (u0060)	grave accent +
\[ab]	\e[ab]	breve	u0306 (u02D8)	breve accent
\[ac]	\e[ac]	cedilla	u0327 (u00B8)	cedilla accent
\[ad]	\e[ad]	dieresis	u0308 (u00A8)	umlaut accent
\[ah]	\e[ah]	caron	u030C (u02C7)	caron accent
\[ao]	\e[ao]	ring	u030A (u02DA)	small circle, ring accent
\[a~]	\e[a~]	tilde	u0303 (u007E)	tilde accent
\[ho]	\e[ho]	ogonek	u0328 (u02DB)	hook accent
\[ha]	\e[ha]	asciicircum	u005E	T{
high circumflex, ASCII character, in mathematics the power sign
T}
\[ti]	\e[ti]	asciitilde	u007E	T{
tilde in vertical middle, ASCII, in Unix-like the home directory
T}
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Quotes
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[Bq]	\e[Bq]	quotedblbase	u201E	low double comma quote
\[bq]	\e[bq]	quotesinglbase	u201A	low single comma quote
\[lq]	\e[lq]	quotedblleft	u201C	left double quote
\[rq]	\e[rq]	quotedblright	u201D	right double quote
\[oq]	\e[oq]	quoteleft	u2018	single open (left) quote
\[cq]	\e[cq]	quoteright	u2019	single closing (right) quote
\[aq]	\e[aq]	quotesingle	u0027	apostrophe quote (ASCII 39)
\[dq]	\e[dq]	quotedbl	u0022	double quote (ASCII 34)
\[Fo]	\e[Fo]	guillemotleft	u00AB	left guillemet [sic]
\[Fc]	\e[Fc]	guillemotright	u00BB	right guillemet [sic]
\[fo]	\e[fo]	guilsinglleft	u2039	T{
single left-pointing angle quotation mark
T}
\[fc]	\e[fc]	guilsinglright	u203A	T{
single right-pointing angle quotation mark
T}
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Punctuation
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[r!]	\e[r!]	exclamdown	u00A1	inverted exclamation mark
\[r?]	\e[r?]	questiondown	u00BF	inverted question mark
\[em]	\e[em]	emdash	u2014	em-dash symbol +
\[en]	\e[en]	endash	u2013	en-dash symbol
\[hy]	\e[hy]	hyphen	u2010	hyphen symbol +
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Brackets
.P
The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs.
.
In classical troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend
brackets, braces, and parentheses: \[oq]bv\[cq].
.
We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.
.
.P
Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can
be piled up with \[oq]\f(CW\eb\fP\[cq] due to the restrictions of the
escape's piling algorithm.
.
A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the following
macro:
.
.P
.nf
.RS
.ft C
\&.\e" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
\&.\e" above the baseline.
\&.\e" The first argument is placed at the top.
\&.\e" The pile is returned in string 'pile'
\&.eo
\&.de pile-make
\&.  nr pile-wd 0
\&.  nr pile-ht 0
\&.  ds pile-args
\&.
\&.  nr pile-# \en[.$]
\&.  while \en[pile-#] \e{\e
\&.    nr pile-wd (\en[pile-wd] >? \ew'\e$[\en[pile-#]]')
\&.    nr pile-ht +(\en[rst] - \en[rsb])
\&.    as pile-args \ev'\en[rsb]u'\e"
\&.    as pile-args \eZ'\e$[\en[pile-#]]'\e"
\&.    as pile-args \ev'-\en[rst]u'\e"
\&.    nr pile-# -1
\&.  \e}
\&.
\&.  ds pile \ev'(-0.5m + (\en[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\e"
\&.  as pile \e*[pile-args]\e"
\&.  as pile \ev'((\en[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\e"
\&.  as pile \eh'\en[pile-wd]u'\e"
\&..
\&.ec
.ft
.RE
.fi
.
.P
Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent
bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical
symbols also, for example \[oq]lf\[cq] and \[oq]rf\[cq] which provide
the \[oq]floor\[cq] operator.
.
Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don't unify such
glyphs.
.
For this reason, the four glyphs \[oq]lf\[cq], \[oq]rf\[cq],
\[oq]lc\[cq], and \[oq]rc\[cq] are not unified with similarly looking
bracket pieces.
.
In
.BR groff ,
only glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all
devices (provided those glyphs exist).
.
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[lB]	\e[lB]	bracketleft	u005B	T{
left square bracket
T}
\[rB]	\e[rB]	bracketright	u005D	T{
right square bracket
T}
\[lC]	\e[lC]	braceleft	u007B	T{
left curly brace
T}
\[rC]	\e[rC]	braceright	u007D	T{
right curly brace
T}
\[la]	\e[la]	angleleft	u27E8	T{
left angle bracket
T}
\[ra]	\e[ra]	angleright	u27E9	T{
right angle bracket
T}

\[bv]	\e[bv]	braceex	u23AA	T{
curly brace vertical extension *** +
T}
\[braceex]	\e[braceex]	braceex	u23AA	T{
curly brace vertical extension
T}

\[bracketlefttp]	\e[bracketlefttp]	bracketlefttp	u23A1	T{
left square bracket top
T}
\[bracketleftbt]	\e[bracketleftbt]	bracketleftbt	u23A3	T{
left square bracket bottom
T}
\[bracketleftex]	\e[bracketleftex]	bracketleftex	u23A2	T{
left square bracket extension
T}
\[bracketrighttp]	\e[bracketrighttp]	bracketrighttp	u23A4	T{
right square bracket top
T}
\[bracketrightbt]	\e[bracketrightbt]	bracketrightbt	u23A6	T{
right square bracket bottom
T}
\[bracketrightex]	\e[bracketrightex]	bracketrightex	u23A5	T{
right square bracket extension
T}

\[lt]	\e[lt]	bracelefttp	u23A7	T{
left curly brace top +
T}
\[bracelefttp]	\e[bracelefttp]	bracelefttp	u23A7	T{
left curly brace top
T}
\[lk]	\e[lk]	braceleftmid	u23A8	T{
left curly brace middle +
T}
\[braceleftmid]	\e[braceleftmid]	braceleftmid	u23A8	T{
left curly brace middle
T}
\[lb]	\e[lb]	braceleftbt	u23A9	T{
left curly brace bottom +
T}
\[braceleftbt]	\e[braceleftbt]	braceleftbt	u23A9	T{
left curly brace bottom
T}
\[braceleftex]	\e[braceleftex]	braceleftex	u23AA	T{
left curly brace extension
T}
\[rt]	\e[rt]	bracerighttp	u23AB	T{
right curly brace top +
T}
\[bracerighttp]	\e[bracerighttp]	bracerighttp	u23AB	T{
right curly brace top
T}
\[rk]	\e[rk]	bracerightmid	u23AC	T{
right curly brace middle +
T}
\[bracerightmid]	\e[bracerightmid]	bracerightmid	u23AC	T{
right curly brace middle
T}
\[rb]	\e[rb]	bracerightbt	u23AD	T{
right curly brace bottom +
T}
\[bracerightbt]	\e[bracerightbt]	bracerightbt	u23AD	T{
right curly brace bottom
T}
\[bracerightex]	\e[bracerightex]	bracerightex	u23AA	T{
right curly brace extension
T}
\[parenlefttp]	\e[parenlefttp]	parenlefttp	u239B	T{
left parenthesis top
T}
\[parenleftbt]	\e[parenleftbt]	parenleftbt	u239D	T{
left parenthesis bottom
T}
\[parenleftex]	\e[parenleftex]	parenleftex	u239C	T{
left parenthesis extension
T}
\[parenrighttp]	\e[parenrighttp]	parenrighttp	u239E	T{
right parenthesis top
T}
\[parenrightbt]	\e[parenrightbt]	parenrightbt	u23A0	T{
right parenthesis bottoom
T}
\[parenrightex]	\e[parenrightex]	parenrightex	u239F	T{
right parenthesis extension
T}
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Arrows
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[<-]	\e[<-]	arrowleft	u2190	horizontal arrow left +
\[->]	\e[->]	arrowright	u2192	horizontal arrow right +
\[<>]	\e[<>]	arrowboth	u2194	T{
horizontal arrow in both directions
T}
\[da]	\e[da]	arrowdown	u2193	vertical arrow down +
\[ua]	\e[ua]	arrowup	u2191	vertical arrow up +
\[va]	\e[va]	arrowupdn	u2195	T{
vertical arrow in both directions
T}
\[lA]	\e[lA]	arrowdblleft	u21D0	horizontal double arrow left
\[rA]	\e[rA]	arrowdblright	u21D2	horizontal double arrow right
\[hA]	\e[hA]	arrowdblboth	u21D4	T{
horizontal double arrow in both directions
T}
\[dA]	\e[dA]	arrowdbldown	u21D3	vertical double arrow down
\[uA]	\e[uA]	arrowdblup	u21D1	vertical double arrow up
\[vA]	\e[vA]	uni21D5	u21D5	T{
vertical double arrow in both directions
T}
\[an]	\e[an]	arrowhorizex	u23AF	horizontal arrow extension
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Lines
.P
The font-invariant glyphs \[oq]br\[cq], \[oq]ul\[cq], and \[oq]rn\[cq]
form corners; they can be used to build boxes.
.
Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-derived names of
these three glyphs are just rough approximations.
.
.P
\[oq]rn\[cq] also serves in classical troff as the horizontal
extension of the square root sign.
.
.P
\[oq]ru\[cq] is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.
.
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[ba]	\e[ba]	bar	u007C
\[br]	\e[br]	SF110000	u2502	box rule +
\[ul]	\e[ul]	underscore	u005F	+
\[rn]	\e[rn]	overline	u203E	+
\[ru]	\e[ru]	---	---	baseline rule +
\[bb]	\e[bb]	brokenbar	u00A6
\[sl]	\e[sl]	slash	u002F	+
\[rs]	\e[rs]	backslash	u005C	reverse solidus
.TE
.ad
.
.P
Use \[oq]\f(CW\e[radicalex]\fP\[cq], not
\[oq]\f(CW\e[overline]\fP\[cq], for continuation of square root.
.
.P
.I Text markers
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[ci]	\e[ci]	circle	u25CB	+
\[bu]	\e[bu]	bullet	u2022	+
\[dd]	\e[dd]	daggerdbl	u2021	double dagger sign +
\[dg]	\e[dg]	dagger	u2020	dagger +
\[lz]	\e[lz]	lozenge	u25CA	lozenge, diamond, pound key
\[sq]	\e[sq]	uni25A1	u25A1	white square +
\[ps]	\e[ps]	paragraph	u00B6	end of paragraph marker
\[sc]	\e[sc]	section	u00A7	section sign +
\[lh]	\e[lh]	uni261C	u261C	hand pointing left +
\[rh]	\e[rh]	a14	u261E	hand pointing right +
\[at]	\e[at]	at	u0040	at
\[sh]	\e[sh]	numbersign	u0023	number sign
\[CR]	\e[CR]	carriagereturn	u21B5	carriage return
\[OK]	\e[OK]	a19	u2713	check mark, tick
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Legal Symbols
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[co]	\e[co]	copyright	u00A9	+
\[rg]	\e[rg]	registered	u00AE	+
\[tm]	\e[tm]	trademark	u2122
\[bs]	\e[bs]	---	---	AT&T Bell Labs logo +
.TE
.ad
.
.P
The Bell Labs logo is not supported in groff.
.
.P
.I Currency symbols
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[Do]	\e[Do]	dollar	u0024	dollar
\[ct]	\e[ct]	cent	u00A2	cent +
\[eu]	\e[eu]	---	u20AC	official Euro symbol
\[Eu]	\e[Eu]	Euro	u20AC	font-specific Euro glyph variant
\[Ye]	\e[Ye]	yen	u00A5	Japanese Yen
\[Po]	\e[Po]	sterling	u00A3	pound sterling (British)
\[Cs]	\e[Cs]	currency	u00A4	Scandinavian currency sign
\[Fn]	\e[Fn]	florin	u0192	Dutch currency sign
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Units
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[de]	\e[de]	degree	u00B0	degree +
\[%0]	\e[%0]	perthousand	u2030	per thousand, per mille sign
\[fm]	\e[fm]	minute	u2032	arc minute sign +
\[sd]	\e[sd]	second	u2033	acr second sign
\[mc]	\e[mc]	mu	u00B5	mu, micro sign
\[Of]	\e[Of]	ordfeminine	u00AA	feminine ordinal (Spanish)
\[Om]	\e[Om]	ordmasculine	u00BA	masculine ordinal (Spanish)
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Logical Symbols
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[AN]	\e[AN]	logicaland	u2227	logical and
\[OR]	\e[OR]	logicalor	u2228	logical or
\[no]	\e[no]	logicalnot	u00AC	logical not + ***
\[tno]	\e[tno]	logicalnot	u00AC	text variant of \[oq]no\[cq]
\[te]	\e[te]	existential	u2203	there exists
\[fa]	\e[fa]	universal	u2200	for all
\[st]	\e[st]	suchthat	u220B	sucht that
\[3d]	\e[3d]	therefore	u2234	therefore
\[tf]	\e[tf]	therefore	u2234	therefore
\[or]	\e[or]	bar	u007C	T{
bitwise OR operator (as used in\ C) +
T}
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Mathematical Symbols
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[12]	\e[12]	onehalf	u00BD	1/2 symbol +
\[14]	\e[14]	onequarter	u00BC	1/4 symbol +
\[34]	\e[34]	threequarters	u00BE	3/4 symbol +
\[18]	\e[18]	oneeighth	u215B	1/8 symbol
\[38]	\e[38]	threeeighths	u215C	3/8 symbol
\[58]	\e[58]	fiveeighths	u215D	5/8 symbol
\[78]	\e[78]	seveneighths	u215E	7/8 symbol
\[S1]	\e[S1]	onesuperior	u00B9	superscript 1
\[S2]	\e[S2]	twosuperior	u00B2	superscript 2
\[S3]	\e[S3]	threesuperior	u00B3	superscript 3

\[pl]	\e[pl]	plus	u002B	plus in special font +
\[mi]	\e[mi]	minus	u2212	minus in special font +
\[-+]	\e[-+]	uni2213	u2213	minus-plus
\[+-]	\e[+-]	plusminus	u00B1	plus-minus + ***
\[t+-]	\e[t+-]	plusminus	u00B1	text variant of \e[+-]
\[pc]	\e[pc]	periodcentered	u00B7	period centered
\[md]	\e[md]	dotmath	u22C5	multiplication dot
\[mu]	\e[mu]	multiply	u00D7	multiply sign + ***
\[tmu]	\e[tmu]	multiply	u00D7	text variant of \e[mu]
\[c*]	\e[c*]	circlemultiply	u2297	multiply sign in circle
\[c+]	\e[c+]	circleplus	u2295	plus sign in circle
\[di]	\e[di]	divide	u00F7	division sign + ***
\[tdi]	\e[tdi]	divide	u00F7	text variant of \e[di]
\[f/]	\e[f/]	fraction	u2044	bar for fractions
\[**]	\e[**]	asteriskmath	u2217	mathematical asterisk +

\[<=]	\e[<=]	lessequal	u2264	less or equal +
\[>=]	\e[>=]	greaterequal	u2265	greater or equal +
\[<<]	\e[<<]	uni226A	u226A	much less
\[>>]	\e[>>]	uni226B	u226B	much greater
\[eq]	\e[eq]	equal	u003D	equals in special font +
\[!=]	\e[!=]	notequal	u003D_0338	not equal +
\[==]	\e[==]	equivalence	u2261	equivalent +
\[ne]	\e[ne]	uni2262	u2261_0338	not equivalent
\[=~]	\e[=~]	congruent	u2245	T{
congruent, approx.\& equal
T}
\[|=]	\e[|=]	uni2243	u2243	asymptot.\& equal to +
\[ap]	\e[ap]	similar	u223C	similar +
\[~~]	\e[~~]	approxequal	u2248	almost equal to
\[~=]	\e[~=]	approxequal	u2248	almost equal to
\[pt]	\e[pt]	proportional	u221D	proportional +

\[es]	\e[es]	emptyset	u2205	empty set +
\[mo]	\e[mo]	element	u2208	element of a set +
\[nm]	\e[nm]	notelement	u2208_0338	not element of set
\[sb]	\e[sb]	propersubset	u2282	proper subset +
\[nb]	\e[nb]	notsubset	u2282_0338	not supset
\[sp]	\e[sp]	propersuperset	u2283	proper superset +
\[nc]	\e[nc]	uni2285	u2283_0338	not superset
\[ib]	\e[ib]	reflexsubset	u2286	subset or equal +
\[ip]	\e[ip]	reflexsuperset	u2287	superset or equal +
\[ca]	\e[ca]	intersection	u2229	intersection, cap +
\[cu]	\e[cu]	union	u222A	union, cup +

\[/_]	\e[/_]	angle	u2220	angle
\[pp]	\e[pp]	perpendicular	u22A5	perpendicular
\[is]	\e[is]	integral	u222B	integral +
\[integral]	\e[integral]	integral	u222B	integral ***
\[sum]	\e[sum]	summation	u2211	summation ***
\[product]	\e[product]	product	u220F	product ***
\[coproduct]	\e[coproduct]	uni2210	u2210	coproduct ***
\[gr]	\e[gr]	gradient	u2207	gradient +
\[sr]	\e[sr]	radical	u221A	square root +
\[sqrt]	\e[sqrt]	radical	u221A	square root
\[radicalex]	\e[radicalex]	radicalex	---	T{
square root continuation ***
T}
\[sqrtex]	\e[sqrtex]	radicalex	---	T{
square root continuation ***
T}

\[lc]	\e[lc]	uni2308	u2308	left ceiling +
\[rc]	\e[rc]	uni2309	u2309	right ceiling +
\[lf]	\e[lf]	uni230A	u230A	left floor +
\[rf]	\e[rf]	uni230B	u230B	right floor +

\[if]	\e[if]	infinity	u221E	infinity +
\[Ah]	\e[Ah]	aleph	u2135	aleph
\[Im]	\e[Im]	Ifraktur	u2111	Gothic I, imaginary
\[Re]	\e[Re]	Rfraktur	u211C	Gothic R, real
\[wp]	\e[wp]	weierstrass	u2118	Weierstrass\~p
\[pd]	\e[pd]	partialdiff	u2202	T{
partial differentiation +
T}
\[-h]	\e[-h]	uni210F	u210F	T{
Planck\ constant\ /\ 2pi (h-bar)
T}
\[hbar]	\e[hbar]	uni210F	u210F	T{
Planck\ constant\ /\ 2pi (h-bar)
T}
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Greek glyphs
.P
These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek;
normally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase
ones are slanted.
.
There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Unicode.
.
Prior to Unicode version\ 3.0, the difference between U+03C6, GREEK
SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly
described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a
reference.
.
Starting with Unicode\ 3.0, the reference glyphs have been exchanged and
described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5 is the stroked
variant and U+03C6 the curly glyph.
.
Unfortunately, most font vendors didn't update their fonts to
this (incompatible) change in Unicode.
.
At the time of this writing (January 2006), it is not clear yet
whether the Adobe Glyph Names \[oq]phi\[cq] and \[oq]phi1\[cq] also
change its meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility
problems are likely to happen \[en] being conservative, groff
currently assumes that \[oq]phi\[cq] in a PostScript symbol font is
the stroked version.
.P
In groff, symbol \[oq]\f(CW\e[*f]\fP\[cq] always denotes the stroked
version of phi, and \[oq]\f(CW\e[+f]\fP\[cq] the curly variant.
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[*A]	\e[*A]	Alpha	u0391	+
\[*B]	\e[*B]	Beta	u0392	+
\[*G]	\e[*G]	Gamma	u0393	+
\[*D]	\e[*D]	Delta	u0394	+
\[*E]	\e[*E]	Epsilon	u0395	+
\[*Z]	\e[*Z]	Zeta	u0396	+
\[*Y]	\e[*Y]	Eta	u0397	+
\[*H]	\e[*H]	Theta	u0398	+
\[*I]	\e[*I]	Iota	u0399	+
\[*K]	\e[*K]	Kappa	u039A	+
\[*L]	\e[*L]	Lambda	u039B	+
\[*M]	\e[*M]	Mu	u039C	+
\[*N]	\e[*N]	Nu	u039D	+
\[*C]	\e[*C]	Xi	u039E	+
\[*O]	\e[*O]	Omicron	u039F	+
\[*P]	\e[*P]	Pi	u03A0	+
\[*R]	\e[*R]	Rho	u03A1	+
\[*S]	\e[*S]	Sigma	u03A3	+
\[*T]	\e[*T]	Tau	u03A4	+
\[*U]	\e[*U]	Upsilon	u03A5	+
\[*F]	\e[*F]	Phi	u03A6	+
\[*X]	\e[*X]	Chi	u03A7	+
\[*Q]	\e[*Q]	Psi	u03A8	+
\[*W]	\e[*W]	Omega	u03A9	+
\[*a]	\e[*a]	alpha	u03B1	+
\[*b]	\e[*b]	beta	u03B2	+
\[*g]	\e[*g]	gamma	u03B3	+
\[*d]	\e[*d]	delta	u03B4	+
\[*e]	\e[*e]	epsilon	u03B5	+
\[*z]	\e[*z]	zeta	u03B6	+
\[*y]	\e[*y]	eta	u03B7	+
\[*h]	\e[*h]	theta	u03B8	+
\[*i]	\e[*i]	iota	u03B9	+
\[*k]	\e[*k]	kappa	u03BA	+
\[*l]	\e[*l]	lambda	u03BB	+
\[*m]	\e[*m]	mu	u03BC	+
\[*n]	\e[*n]	nu	u03BD	+
\[*c]	\e[*c]	xi	u03BE	+
\[*o]	\e[*o]	omicron	u03BF	+
\[*p]	\e[*p]	pi	u03C0	+
\[*r]	\e[*r]	rho	u03C1	+
\[ts]	\e[ts]	sigma1	u03C2	terminal sigma +
\[*s]	\e[*s]	sigma	u03C3	+
\[*t]	\e[*t]	tau	u03C4	+
\[*u]	\e[*u]	upsilon	u03C5	+
\[*f]	\e[*f]	phi	u03D5	(stroked glyph) +
\[*x]	\e[*x]	chi	u03C7	+
\[*q]	\e[*q]	psi	u03C8	+
\[*w]	\e[*w]	omega	u03C9	+
\[+h]	\e[+h]	theta1	u03D1	variant theta
\[+f]	\e[+f]	phi1	u03C6	variant phi (curly shape)
\[+p]	\e[+p]	omega1	u03D6	variant pi, looking like omega
\[+e]	\e[+e]	uni03F5	u03F5	variant epsilon
.TE
.ad
.
.P
.I Card symbols
.P
.na
.TS
l l l l lx.
Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
_
\[CL]	\e[CL]	club	u2663	black club suit
\[SP]	\e[SP]	spade	u2660	black spade suit
\[HE]	\e[HE]	heart	u2665	black heart suit
\[u2661]	\e[u2661]	uni2661	u2661	white heart suit
\[DI]	\e[DI]	diamond	u2666	black diamond suit
\[u2662]	\e[u2662]	uni2662	u2662	white diamond suit
.TE
.ad
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.SH AUTHORS
.\" ====================================================================
.
This document was written by
.MT jjc@\:jclark.com
James Clark
.ME ,
with additions by
.MT wl@\:gnu.org
Werner Lemberg
.ME
and
.MT groff\-bernd.warken\-72@\:web.de
Bernd Warken
.ME ,
and revised to use real tables by
.MT esr@\:thyrsus.com
Eric S.\& Raymond
.ME .
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.\" ====================================================================
.
.IR "Groff: The GNU Implementation of troff" ,
by Trent A.\& Fisher and Werner Lemberg,
is the primary
.I groff
manual.
.
Section \[lq]Using Symbols\[rq] may be of particular note.
.
You can browse it interactively with \[lq]info \[aq](groff)Using
Symbols\[aq]\[rq].
.
.
.TP
.BR groff (1)
the GNU roff formatter
.
.TP
.BR groff (7)
a short reference of the groff formatting language
.
.
.P
.IR "An extension to the troff character set for Europe" ,
E.G.\& Keizer, K.J.\& Simonsen, J.\& Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter,
Volume 9, No.\& 2, Summer 1989
.
.
.P
.UR http://\:www.unicode.org
The Unicode Standard
.UE
.
.
.\" Restore compatibility mode (for, e.g., Solaris 10/11).
.cp \n[groff_char_C]
.
.
.\" ====================================================================
.\" Editor settings
.\" ====================================================================
.
.\" Local Variables:
.\" mode: nroff
.\" fill-column: 72
.\" tab-width: 20
.\" End:
.\" vim: set filetype=groff tabstop=20 textwidth=72:
